While medical bills and lost wages represent quantifiable economic damages, the physical agony, emotional trauma, and loss of life enjoyment constitute **non-economic damages**. California law places no arbitrary cap on pain and suffering damages in motor vehicle accident lawsuits.
1. Valuation Methodologies Compared
| Calculation Method | Formula Mechanics | Best Suited Case Scenarios |
|---|---|---|
| Multiplier Method | Special Damages × Multiplier (1.5 to 5.0) | Long-term orthopedic injuries, surgeries, permanent scarring. |
| Per Diem Method | Daily rate ($150 – $500/day) × Days in recovery | Acute healing periods, temporary incapacitation, distinct recovery phases. |
| Life Care Plan Modeling | Actuarial lifetime cost & quality of life expert testimony | Catastrophic paralysis, severe TBI, permanent disability. |